Iron transport and heme synthesis are essential processes in human metabolism, and any dysregulation in these mechanisms, such as inflammation, can have deleterious effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)âinduced inflammatory responses can result in a number of adverse effects, including cancer. Natural mineral sulfur, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and nontoxic sulfur (NTS) suppress inflammatory responses. The present study hypothesized that MSM and NTS may inhibit LPSâinduced inflammatory responses in THPâ1 human monocytes. Reverse transcriptionâquantitative PCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze the molecular signaling pathways associated with sulfurâtreated and untreated cells. A comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage, flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell surface receptors and chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to examine molecular interactions. Notably, LPSâinduced inflammation increased iron/heme metabolism, whereas MSM and NTS inhibited this effect. Furthermore, LPS treatment activated the Tollâlike receptor 4/NFâκB signaling axis, which was downregulated by NTS and MSM. These sulfur compounds also suppressed the nuclear accumulation of LPSâinduced NFâκB, which could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFâα, ILâ1β and ILâ6. Finally, MSM and NTS inhibited LPSâinduced reactive oxygen species generation and DNA damage in THPâ1 monocytic leukemia cells. These results suggested that natural sulfur molecules may be considered promising candidates for antiâinflammation studies.
Understanding the role of iron/heme metabolism in the antiâinflammatory effects of natural sulfur molecules against lipopolysaccharideâinduced inflammation.
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作者:Kang Dong Young, Bae Se Won, Jang Kyoung-Jin
期刊: | Molecular Medicine Reports | 影响因子: | 3.500 |
时间: | 2025 | 起止号: | 2025 Jul |
doi: | 10.3892/mmr.2025.13542 |
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