Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a well-established receptor for several MERS-related coronaviruses (MERSr-CoVs) isolated from humans, camels, pangolins, and bats (1-6). However, the receptor usage of many genetically diverse bat MERSr-CoVs with broad geographical distributions remains poorly understood. Recent studies have identified angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry receptor for multiple merbecovirus clades. Here, using viral antigen and pseudovirus-based functional assays, we demonstrate that several bat merbecoviruses from the HKU25 clade previously thought to utilize DPP4 (7), employ ACE2 as their functional receptor. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis revealed that HsItaly2011 and VsCoV-a7 recognize ACE2 with a binding mode sharing similarity with that of HKU5 but involving remodeled interfaces and distinct ortholog selectivity, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of ACE2 utilization for these two clades of viruses. EjCoV-3, a strain closely related to the DPP4-using MERSr-CoV BtCoV-422, exhibited relatively broad ACE2 ortholog tropism and could utilize human ACE2 albeit suboptimally. Despite differences in entry mechanisms and spike proteolytic activation compared to MERS-CoV, these viruses remain sensitive to several broadly neutralizing antibodies and entry inhibitors. These findings redefine our understanding of the evolution of receptor usage among MERSr-CoVs and highlight the versatility of ACE2 as a functional receptor for diverse coronaviruses.
ACE2 utilization of HKU25 clade MERS-related coronaviruses with broad geographic distribution.
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作者:Liu Chen, Park Young-Jun, Ma Cheng-Bao, Stuart Cameron, Gen Risako, Sun Yu-Cheng, Yang Xiao, Lin Mei-Yi, Xiong Qing, Si Jun-Yu, Liu Peng, Veesler David, Yan Huan
期刊: | Res Sq | 影响因子: | 0.000 |
时间: | 2025 | 起止号: | 2025 Mar 13 |
doi: | 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6097445/v1 |
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