Conclusions
The methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum facilitated chondrogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by modulating SOX9 and FAM20B expression. This indicates its potential application in cartilage tissue engineering.
Methods
Spheroids were generated using human stem cells and cultured with CMT at concentrations between 0 and 1 µg/mL. Morphological assessments and cell viability tests were conducted on days 1 and 3. Chondrogenic differentiation expression was evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and RNA sequencing. SOX9, FAM20B, COL2A1, and COL1A1 mRNA expression levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was analyzed via Western blot.
Results
Throughout this study, the spheroids maintained their integrity and shape. No significant variations in spheroid diameter were observed among the groups. CMT treatment enhanced the expression of SOX9 and FAM20B. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum facilitated chondrogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by modulating SOX9 and FAM20B expression. This indicates its potential application in cartilage tissue engineering.