A novel mannan-specific chimeric antigen receptor M-CAR redirects T cells to interact with Candida spp. hyphae and Rhizopus oryzae spores

一种新型甘露聚糖特异性嵌合抗原受体 M-CAR 可重定向 T 细胞与念珠菌菌丝和米根霉孢子相互作用

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作者:Júlia Garcia Guimarães, Gabriela Yamazaki de Campos, Michele Procópio Machado, Patrícia Kellen Martins Oliveira Brito, Thaila Fernanda Dos Reis, Gustavo Henrique Goldman, Patricia Vianna Bonini Palma, Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva, Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallin, James Venturini, Thiago Ap

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are responsible for elevated rates of morbidity and mortality, causing around of 1.5 million deaths annually worldwide. One of the main causative agents of IFIs is Candida albicans, and non-albicans Candida species have emerged as a spreading global public health concernment. Furthermore, COVID-19 has contributed to a boost in the incidence of IFIs, such as mucormycosis, in which Rhizopus oryzae is the most prevalent causative agent. The effector host immune response against IFIs depends on the activity of T cells, which are susceptible to the regulatory effects triggered by fungal virulence factors. The fungal cell wall plays a crucial role as a virulence factor, and its remodeling compromises the development of a specific T-cell response. The redirection of Jurkat T cells to target Candida spp. by recognizing targets expressed on the fungal cell wall can be facilitated using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology. This study generated an M-CAR that contains an scFv with specificity to α-1,6 mannose backbone of fungal mannan, and the expression of M-CAR on the surface of modified Jurkat cells triggered a strong activation against Candida albicans (hyphae form), Candida tropicalis (hyphae form), Candida parapsilosis (pseudohyphal form), and Candida glabrata (yeast form). Moreover, M-CAR Jurkat cells recognized Rhizopus oryzae spores, which induced high expression of cell activation markers. Thus, a novel Mannan-specific CAR enabled strong signal transduction in modified Jurkat cells in the presence of Candida spp. or R. oryzae.

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