Exploring the Role of Acute Exercise-Induced Myokine Release in Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy and Diabetic Individuals.

Background Exercise plays a significant role in influencing muscle metabolism and the secretion of myokines, which may have important therapeutic implications for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study explores the effects of a single session of moderate-intensity exercise on the levels of circulating myokines, specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fractalkine, in individuals with T2DM compared to healthy controls. Methodology A total of 70 participants, including 35 individuals (50%) with T2DM and 35 healthy controls (50%) were enrolled in the study after taking their written informed consent. They took part in a 30-minute treadmill exercise session. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), IL-6, and fractalkine levels, allowing for an assessment of the exercise's effects on both groups. Results In the post-exercise period, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in FBS, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR. Notably, IL-6 levels increased, while fractalkine levels decreased, indicating exercise's beneficial metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is important to note that no significant correlation was observed between myokine levels and the markers of glucose metabolism. Conclusions This study demonstrates that acute exercise positively impacts glucose regulation and myokine modulation in both T2DM and healthy individuals. The findings support the inclusion of exercise as an effective strategy for improving metabolic health in diabetes management, highlighting the role of muscle-derived myokines in regulating glucose metabolism. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and mechanistic pathways involved.