Galectin-1 is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes independently of obesity - A SCAPIS pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Galectin-1 is a recently discovered adipokine that increases with obesity and increased energy intake in adipose tissue. Our aim was to assess whether serum galectin-1 is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other parameters of the metabolic syndrome independently of body mass index (BMI) in a cohort from the general population. METHODS: In this cross-sectional population-based cohort study from the western part of Sweden, we investigated associations between serum galectin-1, clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers in 989 women and men aged 50-65 years [part of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot cohort]. RESULTS: We showed in linear models that serum galectin-1 was independently and: (1) inversely associated with T2D (p < 0.05) and glucose (p < 0.05); and (2) positively associated with age (p < 0.01), sex (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), insulin (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Furthermore, galectin-1 demonstrated univariate correlations with triglycerides (r = 0.20, p < 0.01), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), interleukin-6 (IL-6; r = 0.20, p < 0.01) and HbA1c (r = 0.14, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In a cross-sectional study of a middle-aged population, we showed that serum galectin-1 is: (1) inversely associated with T2D independently of BMI; and (2) independently associated with other markers of the metabolic syndrome These results warrant prospective and functional studies on the role of galectin-1 in T2D.