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Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, is critically involved in the modulation of the activity of a diverse range of immunocompetent cells. Essential roles have been implicated in cardioprotection, in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs, and in the maintenance of adipose tissue cells. Over the past 10 years, several studies evaluated the usability of IL-33 as a biomarker in diseases of inflammatory and noninflammatory origin. Our group is currently evaluating the predictive role of serum IL-33 in acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of the article is to discuss selected studies on IL-33 in different diseases and its potential role as a biomarker molecule.