Surgery-induced neuroinflammatory transcriptional programs in medial prefrontal cortex of mice during early phase of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.

Patients receiving anesthesia and surgery may experience cognitive dysfunction, memory deficits, and mental disturbances, which are referred to as perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). The function of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is disrupted during early phase of PND. To gain insight into the mechanisms of PND, we collected mouse mPFC tissues 6 h post-surgery and performed RNA sequencing analysis. In total, 178 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 105 upregulated and 73 downregulated genes. Bioinformatic analysis highlighted the significant enrichment of these DEGs in several immune-related biological processes and signaling pathways, suggesting that pronounced neuroinflammatory transcriptional programming in the mPFC was evoked during early phase of PND. Interleukin-6 level increased in both serum and mPFC, while the mRNA levels of Il-6, Tnf-α, and Il-1β remained unchanged. Taken together, our findings suggest that a distinct and acute neuroinflammatory response in the mPFC is evoked after peripheral surgery, which might play a key role in the development of PND.