Targeting ZBP1-Mediated PANoptosis: Inflammation-Responsive Selenized Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Moringa A for Antiviral Pneumonia Therapy.

Viral pneumonia poses a major global public health challenge, where excessive inflammatory responses contribute to tissue damage and respiratory failure. Inflammation-responsive nanoparticles can target inflamed areas, improving drug delivery while minimizing side effects. Chitosan, a biocompatible polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, gains enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities when combined with selenium. This study developed selenium-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Moringa A (MA), a natural antiviral compound from Moringa oleifera seeds. These nanoparticles target lung inflammation, releasing MA to suppress viral replication and infection while reducing inflammatory responses. Additionally, selenium-chitosan nanoparticles mitigate oxidative stress, regulate immunity, and inhibit PANoptosis-a cell death pathway that exacerbates inflammation. By blocking core proteins in this pathway, they further curb inflammatory factor release. This approach offers a promising therapeutic strategy for viral pneumonia, combining targeted drug delivery, antiviral action, and inflammation control with reduced side effects.