Obesity and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism via the Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Obesity exacerbates the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), potentially through metabolic alterations. This study investigates how the Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway mediates mitochondrial energy metabolism in obesity-related CIN. METHODS: A clinical analysis of 980 samples was conducted to assess the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and CIN grade. Transcriptomic analysis identified KISS1R as a key gene. Functional assays in cervical cancer (CC) cell lines, including CCK-8, wound healing, and Transwell assays, were used to evaluate the effects of KISS1 modulation. Mitochondrial function was assessed via oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) assays. A high-fat diet-induced CIN mouse model was used to investigate the in vivo effects. RESULTS: BMI positively correlated with CIN grade, with elevated KISS1R expression in higher CIN grades. Overexpression of KISS1 enhanced CC cell proliferation and migration by reprogramming mitochondrial energy metabolism. In high-fat environments, KISS1 silencing and mitochondrial activator PQQ modulated CC cell behavior. Activation of Kisspeptin/GPR54 in obese CIN mice exacerbated cervical lesions. CONCLUSION: The Kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling pathway enhances mitochondrial energy metabolism, promoting obesity-related CIN grade. These findings provide a potential molecular mechanism linking obesity to CC and suggest new therapeutic targets.