DNAJC24 suppresses breast cancer malignancy and serves as a prognostic biomarker.

BACKGROUND: Based on the current markers, numerous targeted therapies have been put forward for clinical application; however, treatment resistance and recurrence still remain the main causes of breast cancer-related mortality. In addition, breast cancer exhibits significant heterogeneity, and patients with apparently similar tumor subtypes exhibit variable responses to identical drug treatments. Therefore, accurate prediction of breast cancer progression and personalized treatment plans will maximize patient benefit by avoiding overtreatment and undertreatment. METHODS: In this study, our emphasis was placed on exploring the function of DnaJ heat shock protein family member C24 (DNAJC24, also known as DPH4) in breast cancer through bioinformatic analysis by using public databases and clinicopathological samples. We performed in vitro functional assays to explore the biological roles of DNAJC24. RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis of TCGA data demonstrated significantly lower DNAJC24 expression in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent paracancer tissues (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed low DNAJC24 expression in 72.4% (210/290) of breast cancer tissues versus 50.8% (134/264) of adjacent paracancer tissues. DNAJC24 expression decreased progressively with advanced clinical stages (p < 0.05), was lowest in HER2-enriched subtype, and highest in Luminal-A subtype. Overexpression of DNAJC24 in breast cancer cells significantly reduced colony formation (p < 0.05), proliferation rates, chemotaxis (p < 0.05), invasion (p < 0.05), and migration abilities (p < 0.05) compared to controls. Conversely, DNAJC24 knockdown in cancer cells produced opposite effects, significantly enhancing chemotaxis, invasion, and migration (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lower DNAJC24 expression is strongly associated with breast cancer malignancy, advanced clinical stages, aggressive molecular subtypes, and poorer prognosis. Functionally, DNAJC24 inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells, underscoring its potential as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.