Hair follicle transplantation promotes skin ulcer healing in a mouse model of experimental diabetes.

Chronic nonhealing wounds are complex complications of diabetes and are characterized by impaired vascular networks and persistent inflammation, making them challenging to treat. Studies have demonstrated that hair follicles possess tissue regenerative potential; however, their role in diabetic wounds remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of blood glucose levels on hair follicle activity and compare the effects of hair follicle transplantation under hyperglycemic and normoglycemic conditions on full-thickness skin wound healing in both normal and diabetic mice. The results revealed that hyperglycemia inhibited hair follicle activity. Nevertheless, hair follicle transplantation under both hyperglycemic and normoglycemic conditions promoted granulation tissue formation, collagen remodeling, and angiogenesis while reducing chronic inflammation, thereby enhancing the healing quality of diabetic wounds. Notably, hair follicles derived from normoglycemic conditions were more effective at promoting diabetic wound healing. This study provides an innovative strategy for skin regeneration in the treatment of diabetic wounds.