Abstract
Personalized dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines offer promising immunotherapeutic approaches for cancers and infectious diseases by leveraging living DCs to stimulate a patient's immune system through interactions with T cells. However, conventional DC-based vaccines face significant challenges, including limited stability and short storage lifespan of the living cells. To overcome these limitations, smart artificial nanorobots, termed nano-bone marrow dendritic cell (BMDC)-originated T cell activators (nano-BOTs) are developed by incorporating 1-dimensional (1D) nanoparticles to enhance stability and activation efficacy. The use of 1D nanoparticles enables precise modulation of the geometric properties, resulting in significantly improved interactions with effector T cells. This innovative approach addresses the inherent limitations of traditional DC-based vaccines and amplifies their ability to activate effector T cells. The advanced nanorobots exhibit exceptional stability and therapeutic potential, representing a transformative step toward personalized DC-based vaccines in future biological therapeutics.