Generation of Human Regulatory T Cell Clones.

Human regulatory T cells (Treg) are notoriously difficult to isolate in high purity given the current methods of Treg enrichment. These methods are based on the identification of Treg through several activation-dependent cellular surface markers with varying expression levels in different physiologic and pathologic conditions. Populations isolated as "Treg" therefore often contain considerable numbers of non-Treg effector cells (i.e., Teff) which hamper the precise phenotypic and functional characterization of these cells, their genomic and proteomic characterization, their reliable enumeration in different states of health and disease, as well as their isolation and expansion for therapeutic purposes. The latter, in particular, remains a major hurdle, as the inadvertent expansion of effector cells homing in Treg-relevant cellular compartments (e.g., CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells) may render Treg-based immunotherapy ineffective, or even harmful. This work presents a method that circumvents the problems associated with population-based isolation and expansion of Treg and shows that the generation of Treg candidate clones with the subsequent selection, culture, and expansion of only carefully vetted, monoclonal cells, enables the generation of an ultrapure Treg cell product that can be kept in culture for many months, enabling downstream investigation of these cells, including for possible therapeutic applications.