IL-22/IL-22R1 pathway enhances cholangiocarcinoma progression via ERK1/2 activation.

BACKGROUND: IL-22 plays a pivotal role in the processes of inflammation and tissue healing., but its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. our study explored the IL-22/IL-22R1 pathway and its impact on CCA progression through the ERK1/2 signaling cascade. AIM: To determine the mechanism of the IL-22/IL-22R1 pathway in CCA and provide new directions for its clinical treatment. METHODS: IL-22R1 expression was assessed in human and rat CCA tissues utilizing immunohistochemical techniques, Western blot analysis, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The impact of IL-22 on CCA cells was assessed in vitro via tests for proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis assays. The rat models of thioacetamide-induced CCA and subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice were used to assess the in vivo effects. ERK1/2 inhibitors were applied to elucidate the mechanistic role of the pathway. RESULTS: IL-22R1 was overexpressed in CCA cell lines and tissues. IL-22 treatment increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis. ERK1/2 inhibition considerably reversed these effects both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: The IL-22/IL-22R1 axis promotes CCA progression by activating ERK1/2 signaling. Targeting this pathway with ERK1/2 inhibitors offers potential therapeutic strategies for CCA.