Lipid metabolism of Acetobacter pasteurianus and its main components with hypoglycemic effects.

BACKGROUND: Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes, but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear. AIM: To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A. pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects, providing a basis for its broader application. METHODS: The lipid metabolism of A. pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics. Neutral lipid staining in A. pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromatography. A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A. pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas. RESULTS: After comparing the effects of three culture media, namely, brain heart infusion (BHI) medium with 2% glucose, chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium, and mineral salt medium, A. pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2% glucose and produced the most lipids. A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified, with higher levels of coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9), oleic acid (OA), and wax ester, but no triacylglycerol was observed. It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A. pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA. They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice, repaired damaged pancreatic tissues, and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen. CONCLUSION: Under high-nutrient growth conditions, A. pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components, such as CoQ9 and OA, with good hypoglycemic effects.