Prevalence of Enterococcus spp. and the Whole-Genome Characteristics of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds in Poland

波兰自由生活鸟类中肠球菌的流行情况以及分离自屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌菌株的全基因组特征

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作者:Renata Kwit, Magdalena Zając, Aleksandra Śmiałowska-Węglińska, Magdalena Skarżyńska, Arkadiusz Bomba, Anna Lalak, Ewelina Skrzypiec, Dominika Wojdat, Weronika Koza, Emilia Mikos-Wojewoda, Paulina Pasim, Milena Skóra, Marcin Polak, Jarosław Wiącek, Dariusz Wasyl

Abstract

Enterococci as opportunistic bacteria are important for human health. Due to the prevalence and ease of acquisition and transfer of their genes, they are an excellent indicator of environmental contamination and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in wild birds in Poland, determination of antimicrobial susceptibility and WGS analysis of Enterococcus (E.) faecium and E. faecalis. For this purpose, 138 samples from various species of free-living birds were tested, with 66.7% positive results. Fourteen species were detected, with E. faecalis being the most common, followed by E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 10.0% of E. faecalis and 50.0% of E. faecium showed resistance to one antimicrobial agent, in addition the MDR phenotype which was found in one E. faecium. The most common resistance phenotype included tetracycline and quinupristin/dalfopristin. The WGS analysis confirmed the significant advantage of the virulence gene diversity of E. faecalis strains over E. faecium. In addition, plasmid replicons were found in 42.0% of E. faecalis and 80.0% of E. faecium. The obtained results confirm free-living birds can be a reservoir of Enterococcus spp. with a considerable zoonotic potential.

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