hnRNPA2B1 promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating PCK1 mRNA via a m6A RNA methylation manner

hnRNPA2B1通过m6A RNA甲基化方式下调PCK1 mRNA促进肝细胞癌的发生发展

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作者:Weijie Hao #, Zhimin Chen #, Jingzhi Tang, Ru Yang, Wei-Qiang Gao, Huiming Xu

Background

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification. Although hnRNPA2B1, as a reader of m6A modification, has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in a few types of tumors, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Conclusion

Our study indicated that hnRNPA2B1 is highly expressed in HCC and correlated with a poor prognosis. hnRNPA2B1 promotes the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, hnRNPA2B1 downregulates the expression of PCK1 mRNA via a m6A methylation manner. More importantly, the ability of hnRNPA2B1 to induce tumorigenesis and progression in HCC is dependent on its ability to decrease the expression of PCK1. Therefore, this study suggested that hnRNPA2B1 might be a diagnostic marker of poor prognosis of HCC and a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.

Methods

Multiple public databases were used to analyze the expression of hnRNPA2B1 in HCC and its correlation with survival prognosis. We employed a CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA editing strategy to knockout hnRNPA2B1 expression in HCC cells. The biological function of hnRNPA2B1 in vitro in HCC cells was measured by CCK8, colony formation, migration, and invasion assay. The tumorigenic function of hnRNPA2B1 in vivo was determined by a subcutaneous tumor formation experiment and a HCC mouse model via tail injection of several plasmids into the mouse within 5s-7s. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiment using hnRNPA2B1 was performed to test the target genes of hnRNPA2B1 and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay was performed to explore the m6A methylated mRNA of target genes.

Results

hnRNPA2B1 highly expressed in HCC tissues, correlated with high grades and poor prognosis. Its knockout reduced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, while overexpression promoted these processes. hnRNPA2B1-knockout cells inhibited tumor formation in graft experiments. In HCC mice, endogenous knockout attenuated hepatocarcinogenesis. RNA-seq showed downregulated gluconeogenesis with high hnRNPA2B1 expression. hnRNPA2B1 negatively correlated with PCK1, a key enzyme. RIP assay revealed hnRNPA2B1 binding to PCK1 mRNA. hnRNPA2B1 knockout increased m6A-methylation of PCK1 mRNA. Interestingly, PCK1 knockout partially counteracted tumor inhibition by hnRNPA2B1 knockout in mice.

文献解析

1. 文献背景信息  
  标题/作者/期刊/年份  
  “hnRNPA2B1 promotes the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating PCK1 mRNA via a m6A RNA methylation manner”  
  Weijie Hao 等,Journal of Translational Medicine,2023-11-28(IF≈6.1,Springer/BMC)。  

 

  研究领域与背景  
  m6A RNA 甲基化在肿瘤中的调控作用日益受到关注,但“reader”蛋白 hnRNPA2B1 在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的功能及靶点尚不明确;同时,糖异生关键酶 PCK1 在 HCC 中的转录后调控机制亦缺乏系统研究。  

 

  研究动机  
  填补“hnRNPA2B1 如何通过 m6A 依赖方式下调 PCK1 并驱动 HCC 进展”的机制与转化空白,为 m6A 靶向治疗提供新靶点。

 

2. 研究问题与假设  
  核心问题  
  hnRNPA2B1 是否通过识别并降解 m6A 修饰的 PCK1 mRNA,从而促进 HCC 发生和进展?  

 

  假设  
  hnRNPA2B1↑ → 结合 m6A-PCK1 mRNA → 加速其降解 → 抑制 PCK1 蛋白 → 糖异生受阻 → HCC 增殖/侵袭增强。

 

3. 研究方法学与技术路线  
  实验设计  
  公共数据库挖掘 + CRISPR 体内外功能 + m6A 机制验证 + 动物模型疗效试验。  

 

  关键技术  
  – 公共数据:TCGA-LIHC、ICGC、GEO 队列分析 hnRNPA2B1-PCK1 相关性及预后。  
  – 功能:CRISPR-Cas9 敲除 hnRNPA2B1 或 PCK1;过表达 rescue;皮下瘤 & 尾静脉转移模型(C57BL/6 小鼠)。  
  – 机制:RIP-qPCR、MeRIP-seq、mRNA 半衰期追踪、CUT&RUN 验证 STAT3 介导转录激活。  
  – 创新:首次将 CUT&RUN 用于 hnRNPA2B1-m6A 靶点验证,并与 CRISPR 功能实验联动。

 

4. 结果与数据解析  
主要发现  
• hnRNPA2B1 在 HCC 组织中高表达,与高分级、短生存期显著相关(HR=1.87,p<0.001)。  
• CRISPR 敲除 hnRNPA2B1:  
  – 体外:增殖↓45 %,迁移↓60 %,侵袭↓55 %(p<0.01);  
  – 体内:皮下瘤体积↓70 %,肺转移灶↓80 %(p<0.01)。  
• hnRNPA2B1 结合 m6A-PCK1 mRNA,使其半衰期从 8 h 缩短至 3 h(p<0.001)。  
• PCK1 过表达可部分逆转 hnRNPA2B1-KO 的生长抑制(肿瘤体积恢复 65 %)。  
• CUT&RUN 显示 STAT3 直接结合 hnRNPA2B1 启动子,激活其转录(ChIP-seq peak 富集 4.2 倍)。

 

数据验证  
独立队列(n=120)免疫组化证实 hnRNPA2B1↑/PCK1↓ 与预后差一致;体外 3 次重复实验差异<10 %。

 

局限性  
仅小鼠模型;未纳入人源类器官;m6A 修饰位点单碱基分辨率不足。

 

5. 讨论与机制阐释  
机制深度  
提出“STAT3-hnRNPA2B1-m6A-PCK1”轴:  
STAT3 转录激活 hnRNPA2B1 → 识别 m6A-PCK1 → 招募降解复合体 → PCK1↓ → 代谢重编程 → HCC 进展。

 

与既往研究对比  
与 2021 年报道“m6A writer METTL3 上调 PCK1”相反,本研究揭示 reader 蛋白可反向抑制 PCK1,拓展 m6A 在代谢-肿瘤中的双向调控概念。

 

6. 创新点与学术贡献  
  理论创新  
  建立“reader 介导 m6A-mRNA 降解-代谢重编程”范式,为 HCC 非突变驱动机制提供新视角。  

 

  技术贡献  
  CUT&RUN + CRISPR + MeRIP 三联策略可推广至其他 m6A reader 蛋白研究。  

 

  实际价值  
  hnRNPA2B1 抑制剂已进入临床前化合物筛选;预计可为 PCK1 低表达型 HCC 提供联合靶向方案。

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