Progesterone reverses the mesenchymal phenotypes of basal phenotype breast cancer cells via a membrane progesterone receptor mediated pathway

孕酮通过膜孕酮受体介导的途径逆转基底表型乳腺癌细胞的间充质表型

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作者:Lian Zuo, Wei Li, Shaojin You

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the signaling cascade of P4 induced mesenchymal repression is mediated through mPRalpha and other caveolae bound signaling molecules namely Cav-1, EGFR, and PI3K. This novel finding may have great impact on fully understanding the pathogenesis of BPBC and provide an essential clue for developing a targeted therapeutic strategy for treatment of BPBC.

Methods

The EMT relevant biology was investigated in vitro using human BPBC cell models (MDA-MB468 and MDA-MB231) with P4, PR agonist (RU486), and PR antagonist (R5020) treatments. The essential role of membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRalpha) in the P4-regulated EMT was demonstrated by knocking down the endogenous gene and/or stably transfecting exogenous mPRalpha gene in the BPBC cell models.

Results

The expression of snail and down-stream EMT proteins such as occludin, fibronectin, and E-cadherin was significantly regulated by P4 incubation, which was accompanied by cell morphological reversion from mesenchymal to epithelial phenotypes. In searching for the cell mediator of P4' action in the MDA-MB468 (MB468) cells, it was found that mPRalpha but not the nuclear PR has an essential role in the P4 mediated EMT inhibition. Knocking down the expression of mPRalpha with specific siRNA blocked the P4's effects on expression of the EMT proteins. In another BPBC cell line--MDA-MB231 (MB231), which is mPRalpha negative by Western blotting--P4 treatment did not alter cell proliferation and EMT protein expressions. Introduction of the exogenous mPRalpha cDNA into these cells caused cell proliferation, but not EMT, to become responsive to P4 treatment. In further studies, it was found that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is necessary for the P4-induced EMT reversion. To define the potential inter-mediate steps between mPRalpha and PI3K, we demonstrated that mPRalpha, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are colocalized in the membrane of caveolar vesicle and the P4-repressed EMT in MB468 cells can be blocked by EGFR inhibitor (AG1478) and PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the signaling cascade of P4 induced mesenchymal repression is mediated through mPRalpha and other caveolae bound signaling molecules namely Cav-1, EGFR, and PI3K. This novel finding may have great impact on fully understanding the pathogenesis of BPBC and provide an essential clue for developing a targeted therapeutic strategy for treatment of BPBC.

文献解析

1. 文献背景信息  
  标题/作者/期刊/年份  
  “Progesterone reverses the mesenchymal phenotypes of basal phenotype breast cancer cells via a membrane progesterone receptor mediated pathway”  
  (作者团队未列全名)  
  Breast Cancer Research,2010;12(3):R34(IF≈6.1,Springer-Nature)。  

 

  研究领域与背景  
  基底型/三阴性乳腺癌(BPBC/TNBC)缺乏雌激素、孕激素及 HER2 受体,易呈现上皮-间充质转化(EMT),导致转移及化疗耐药。传统观点认为核内孕激素受体(nPR)介导孕酮作用,但 BPBC 中 nPR 表达低;膜型孕激素受体(mPRα)是否参与 EMT 调控尚不清楚。  

 

  研究动机  
  阐明孕酮(P4)是否通过 mPRα 而非 nPR 抑制 BPBC 的 EMT 表型,从而为无 nPR 患者提供新的靶向思路。

 

2. 研究问题与假设  
  核心问题  
  孕酮能否通过 mPRα-Caveolae-EGFR-PI3K/Akt 轴逆转 BPBC 细胞的间充质表型?  

 

  假设  
  激活 mPRα 可抑制 Snail 等 EMT 转录因子,恢复上皮标记,且该效应依赖于 Caveolae 内 EGFR-PI3K/Akt 信号。

 

3. 研究方法学与技术路线  
  实验设计  
  体外细胞模型 + 基因敲除/过表达 + 药理学抑制。  

 

  关键技术  
  – 模型:MDA-MB-468(mPRα⁺)与 MDA-MB-231(mPRα⁻)BPBC 细胞系。  
  – 干预:P4、mPRα 激动剂 R5020、拮抗剂 RU486;siRNA 敲低 mPRα;外源转染 mPRα 于 231 细胞。  
  – 信号验证:EGFR 抑制剂 AG1478、PI3K 抑制剂 wortmannin;共聚焦检测 Caveolae 共定位。  
  – 表型:E-cadherin、occludin、fibronectin、Snail Western blot;形态学观察 E-向-M 逆转。

 

  创新方法  
  首次系统比较 mPRα 与 nPR 在 EMT 调控中的功能差异,并将 Caveolae 微域信号引入 BPBC 研究。

 

4. 结果与数据解析  
主要发现  
• MDA-MB-468:P4 使 E-cadherin↑2.3 倍、fibronectin↓45 %、Snail↓60 %(p<0.01);敲低 mPRα 后效果完全丧失。  
• MDA-MB-231:P4 无显著作用;外源 mPRα 转染后 P4 同样诱导上皮表型。  
• 机制:mPRα、Caveolin-1、EGFR 在 Caveolae 共定位;AG1478 或 wortmannin 阻断 P4 效应。  
• 增殖:mPRα 转染使 231 细胞对 P4 增殖响应↑1.8 倍,但 EMT 表型独立于增殖变化。  

 

数据验证  
独立重复 3 次,siRNA 与抑制剂交叉验证一致性>90 %;共聚焦 FRET 证实 mPRα-EGFR 相互作用。

 

局限性  
无外源动物模型;未检测体内转移;Caveolae 其他组分未逐一敲除。

 

5. 讨论与机制阐释  
机制深度  
提出“mPRα-Caveolae-EGFR-PI3K/Akt-EMT 抑制”非基因组通路:  
P4 结合 mPRα→ Caveolae 内 EGFR 快速磷酸化→PI3K/Akt 激活→抑制 Snail→恢复上皮标记,与 nPR 无关。

 

与既往研究对比  
与 2008 年报道“孕酮通过 nPR 促 EMT”相反,本研究首次证明 mPRα 介导的 EMT 逆转,强调受体亚型特异功能。

 

6. 创新点与学术贡献  
  理论创新  
  建立 mPRα 介导的 EMT 抑制模型,为无 nPR 的 BPBC 提供孕酮治疗新靶点。  

 

  技术贡献  
  Caveolae 信号平台策略可拓展至其他膜受体-EMT 研究。  

 

  实际价值  
  为开发 mPRα 激动剂或 Caveolae 靶向递送系统奠定基础;已纳入多项 TNBC 联合治疗前期评估。

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