Engineering Cellular Self-Adhesions Inside 3D Printed Micro-Arches to Enhance Cell:Biomaterial Attachment.

A cell can bind to itself and form a self-adhesion that can be engineered and harnessed as a new way to adhere cells to engineered materials-a key challenge for biomaterials are demonstrated. Here, a 3D structure smaller is developed than a single cell, that a Self-Adhesion-Tunnel (SAT) is called, that causes cells to wrap around it and bind to themselves. This process is driven through the cadherin proteins that regulate cell-cell adhesion, and it is shown that many of the key elements of a normal cell-cell adhesion are found in self-adhesions. Size and shape of the SAT determine the efficiency of self-adhesion formation, and >90% efficient formation of self-adhesions are observed in both kidney and skin cells per SAT. Self-adhesions can persist for at least 24 hrs and act to stabilize the cell-material interface and reduce migration. Overall, this ability to co-opt the native cell-cell adhesion machinery in cells and use it as an attachment strategy can provide new approaches for soft-tissue implant integration and tissue engineering scaffolds where stable tissue-material interfaces are critical.