The treatment of infected wounds is often complicated by bacterial infection and impaired scar healing. Antibiotics and growth factors are typically utilized to address these clinical challenges and expedite wound healing. However, the use of hydrogels containing these therapeutic agents is often restricted to complex cases and increases treatment costs considerably. In this study, we developed a quaternized-chitosan-based hybrid hydrogel dressing (SQFB) with intrinsic antibacterial properties to address these limitations. The hybrid hydrogel contained interpenetrating polymer networks of basic fibroblast growth factor and black phosphorus nanosheets, facilitating a photothermal response that triggers the release of basic fibroblast growth factor upon near-infrared irradiation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SQFB exhibits superior antibacterial, hemostatic, enhanced cell proliferation, and angiogenesis functions. Importantly, the results showed that SQFB can promote the healing of infected wounds by accelerating all 4 stages of wound repair while preventing scarring formation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that combined treatment with SQFB and near-infrared irradiation can effectively modulate genes primarily associated with epithelial regeneration pathways and metabolic processes. Collectively, our findings suggest that this hybrid hydrogel holds great promise for the effective management of infected wounds.