Genetic mixed diversity landscape in the paternal lineages of 11 populations inhabiting Southwest China according to the analysis of 25 Y-STRs.

Y-STR genotyping can be used to predict the genetic mixed landscape of different populations effectively. In this study, 25 Y-STR loci were detected in 745 unrelated healthy males from the Bai, Bouyei, Dong, Gelao, Hui, Maonan, Mulao, Shui, Tujia, Yi and Han groups in Guizhou Province via a Y27Plex fluorescence detection kit. The results revealed that the kit had high gene diversity (GD: 0.0878 ~ 0.9581; HD: 0.9781 ~ 0.9987). The genetic distance ranged from 0.0172-0.3750. On the basis of PCA, phylogenetic tree and structure analysis, the same language groups tended to show closer genetic relationships among the 11 sample populations. According to the genetic relationship analysis of the 11 samples and 22 reference populations, the genetic relationships of Guizhou Han and Guangxi Gin were the closest (0.018), whereas those of the Tujia and She nationalities were the farthest in Guizhou (0.4483). Additionally, Guizhou Tujia, Guizhou Hui, Xinjiang Mongolians, Yunnan Lahu, Kazakh Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan were clustered together. This study provides a reference for the genetic structure and genetic differentiation of 11 indigenous populations in Guizhou Province and provides useful paternal information for population genetics, archaeology and historical research.