Protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes loaded cerium dioxide nanoparticle against deoxynivalenol-induced liver damage.

BACKGROUND: Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, posed significant threats to food safety and human health due to its widespread prevalence and detrimental effects. Upon exposure, the liver, which played a crucial role in detoxifying DON, experienced depleted antioxidant levels and heightened inflammatory responses. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) exhibited therapeutic potential by promoting cellular repair and delivering bioactive substances, such as cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs), which are recognized for their ability to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation. RESULTS: We successfully loaded BMSC-exos with CeO(2) NPs (BMSC-exos @ CeO(2)) using extrusion techniques, verified through electron microscopy and elemental mapping. The resulting BMSC-exos @ CeO(2) displayed low cytotoxicity, boosted antioxidant activity, and reduced inflammation in Hepa 1-6 cells with DON condition. In vivo study, BMSC-exos @ CeO(2) maintained stability for 72 h, it also can prevent antioxidant depletion and inhibit liver inflammation under the DON condition. After BMSC-exos @ CeO(2) treatment, multi-omics analyses further highlighted significant changes in metabolic and protein signaling pathways, notably in linoleic and arachidonic acid metabolism. Key pathways about AMPK and JAK1/STAT3 were involved in mitigating liver damage with or without DON. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed BMSC-exos @ CeO(2) as a promising therapeutic strategy against DON's toxicity, offering valuable insights into their potential for liver protection.