3E analysis of sCO(2) recuperator cycle with multi effect desalination and organic Rankine cycle to enhance environmental sustainability.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) is an effective working fluid in closed-loop power conversion cycles, offering significant advantages over traditional steam-based Rankine cycles. These cycles efficiently extract heat from sources such as gas turbine exhaust and industrial waste heat, converting it into usable power. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the performance of the sCO₂ recuperator cycle by integrating multi-effect desalination (MED) and organic Rankine cycles (ORC). This integration aims to improve both thermal efficiency and operational stability of the sCO₂ cycle. The MED process utilizes waste heat from the sCO₂ cycle to produce fresh water, thereby enhancing overall system efficiency, while the ORC optimizes energy recovery from low-grade heat sources. Through a comprehensive analysis of thermodynamic performance and system integration, this study demonstrates significant improvements in the stability and efficiency of the sCO₂ cycle. Various configurations, including simple, recuperator, and split cycles, are examined, focusing on key parameters such as gas turbine outlet temperature, smoke flow rate, and maximum cycle pressure. Results indicate that the efficiencies of the recuperator cycle, recuperator cycle with MED, recuperator cycle with ORC, and recuperator cycle with MED & ORC cycles are 19.26%, 30.89%, 25.51%, and 24.27%, respectively. The study emphasizes minimizing exergy losses to enhance environmental sustainability, leading to increased exergy efficiency and reduced emissions. The stability index correlates with exergy efficiency, indicating that higher values reflect greater stability and lower pollution levels. The sustainability indices for the different configurations are also reported, demonstrating the potential for improved output power and energy efficiency. In conclusion, this study highlights that advancements in sCO₂ cycles and the implementation of various configurations significantly enhance energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, while reducing pollution. The integration of additional cycles, such as Organic Rankine Cycle and Multi-Effect Desalination, further contributes to these improvements.