Single-cut gene therapy in a one-step generated rhesus monkey model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Progress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treatment is hindered by the lack of animal models that closely replicate human pathology and enable the evaluation of therapy efficacy and safety based on these models. To address this need, we optimize the generation of nonhuman primate DMD models, reducing the development time from 6 to 7 years to under 1 year, enabling the rapid generation of DMD monkey models. These models closely mimic human DMD pathology and motor dysfunction, making them suitable for testing gene therapies. Using these models, we develop a single-cut gene therapy strategy that can be directly applied to humans. This treatment restores dystrophin expression, improves pathological features, and enhances motor abilities in DMD monkeys, with effects lasting at least 1.5 years. In conclusion, we achieve the rapid generation of DMD monkey models and demonstrate that our gene therapy approach is effective and holds significant potential for clinical application.