Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of fenugreek in preventing mice model of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease and the most prevalent form of dementia. Fenugreek seeds possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, making them valuable therapeutic agents in managing neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the primary biological pathways and specific mechanisms underlying the protective effects of fenugreek in preventing mice of AD by employing bioinformatics and experimental verification. METHODS: We administered fenugreek extract as an intervention in mice model of AD and then assessed their cognitive ability and histopathological changes. We predicted the key target genes associated with fenugreek action on AD and the main biological pathways using the bioinformatics method. Furthermore, we observed the different expression of target genes by western blot (WB). RESULTS: The bioinformatics analysis revealed a strong correlation between fenugreek and AD. The behavioral experiments confirmed that fenugreek improved the behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in mice with AD. The histopathology revealed significant changes that fenugreek can inhabit Nissl bodies. Western blot experiments confirmed that fenugreek exerted statistically significant modulatory effects on the levels of inflammatory proteins [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and IL-1β] and oxidative stress-related proteins (amyloid-β protein precursor, apolipoprotein E, and presenilin 1). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that fenugreek might be involved in the AD pathway and effectively prevented the progression of AD through significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.