A single-cell RNA-seq dataset of synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNF-α/JAK inhibitor.

Although multiple single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) based studies have explored rheumatoid arthritis (RA), most have focused on synovial tissue, limiting the ability to perform paired pre- and post-treatment comparisons and to elucidate dynamic changes. Moreover, the single-cell impact of TNF-α and JAK inhibitors on RA remains poorly understood, hindering effects toward precision medicine for RA. Here, we present a comprehensive scRNA-seq analysis of synovial fluid samples of RA patients treated with tofacitinib or adalimumab, both pre- and post-treatment. Following stringent quality control, we analyzed 100,387 high-quality cells, providing an in-depth characterization of cell composition, molecular signaling pathways, and functional properties. This rich dataset offers a valuable resource to address diverse research questions, from uncovering the mechanisms of action of TNF-α and JAK inhibitors, to identifying novel therapeutic targets for RA, and advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.