The SAS chromatin-remodeling complex mediates inflorescence-specific chromatin accessibility for transcription factor binding.

While the role of transcription factors in flower development is well understood, the impact of chromatin remodeling on this process remains largely unclear. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to investigate the coordination of the SAS, BAS, and MAS-type SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes with transcription factors to regulate chromatin accessibility and gene transcription during flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings indicate that the SAS complex binds to numerous genes related to flower development and is responsible for establishing chromatin accessibility of these genes in inflorescences. In contrast, the BAS and MAS complexes exhibit minimal involvement in regulating the accessibility of these genes. The SAS-bound genomic regions and the SAS-dependent accessible regions in infloresences are enriched with sites occupied by multiple MADS family transcription factors involved in flower development. Furthermore, we found that the SAS-dependent accessibility facilitates the binding of the MADS transcription factor AP1 to a subset of its target loci. This study highlights the dynamic role of the SAS complex in modulating the chromatin accessibility and genomic binding of transcription factors during plant development.