Isorhamnetin in Tsoong blocks Hsp70 expression to promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells.

The roots of Codonopis bulleynana Forest ex diels (cbFed), locally known as Tsoong, have been used as a tonic food. Tsoong has wide range of pharmacological effects, including anticancer efficacy. In the present study, the anticancer activity of Tsoong and its potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. Isorhamnetin, a flavonol aglycone, is important compound and metabolite in Tsoong. It can promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells through up-regulating apoptosis-related genes (Apaf1, Casp3 and Casp9) because it blocks Hsp70 genes (Hspa1a, Hspa1b and Hspa8). These were verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry in HCT116 and SW480 colon cancer cell were used to assess the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-promoting activities of Tsoong. In vivo, the antitumor effect of Tsoong was assessed in colon cancer-bearing nude mice as a xenograft model. These results show that Isorhamnetin is very critical in Tsoong because Tsoong can down-regulate Hsp70 genes and promote apoptosis of colon cancer cells by inhibiting Hsp70 largely due to the efficacy of Isorhamnetin. Our results may ultimately help in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to control this devastating disease.