Synthesis and Evaluation of New Bifunctional Chelators with Phosphonic Acid Arms for Gallium-68 Based PET Imaging in Melanoma.

Due to the increasing use of generator-produced radiometal Gallium-68 ((68)Ga) in positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), reliable bifunctional chelators that can efficiently incorporate (68)Ga(3+) into biomolecules are highly desirable. In this study, we synthesized two new bifunctional chelators bearing one or two phosphonic acid functional groups, named p-SCN-PhPr-NE2A1P and p-SCN-PhPr-NE2P1A, with the aim of enabling facile production of (68)Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals. Both chelators were successfully conjugated to LLP2A-PEG(4), a very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) targeting peptidomimetic ligand, to evaluate their application in (68)Ga-based PET imaging. NE2P1A-PEG(4)-LLP2A exhibited the highest (68)Ga(3+) binding ability with molar activity of 37 MBq/nmol under mild temperature and neutral pH. Excellent serum stability of (68)Ga-NE2P1A-PEG(4)-LLP2A was observed, which was consistent with the result obtained from density functional theory calculation. The in vitro cell study showed that (68)Ga-NE2P1A-PEG(4)-LLP2A had significantly longer retention in B16F10 cells comparing to the reported retention of (64)Cu-NE3TA-PEG(4)-LLP2A, although the uptake was relatively lower. In the biodistribution and micro-PET/CT imaging studies, high tumor uptake and low background were observed after (68)Ga-NE2P1A-PEG(4)-LLP2A was injected into mice bearing B16F10 tumor xenografts, making it a highly promising radiotracer for noninvasive imaging of VLA-4 receptors overexpressed in melanoma.