Saudi radiology trainees' insights on safety and professionalism in the workplace.

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: In the radiology department, where advanced technologies and multidisciplinary collaboration are crucial, establishing a strong safety culture is particularly challenging. The present cross-sectional study examines the challenges of establishing a safety culture in radiology, focusing on how Saudi radiology trainees perceive and respond to safety and unprofessional conduct. It evaluates their willingness to voice concerns and the influencing factors, including workplace culture, potential patient risks, and demographics. METHODS: The present study surveyed Saudi radiology residents and interns at two tertiary hospitals using a validated questionnaire. A non-probability total population purposive sampling method was employed. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to analyze differences in willingness to speak up across demographic groups. RESULTS: Participants felt encouraged by colleagues to address patient safety and unprofessional behavior, with over 70% and 56% respectively agreeing. Residents demonstrated significantly greater support for raising concerns about safety and unprofessional conduct compared to interns (mean rank = 47.58 vs. 33.91, p = 0.009). Furthermore, residents expressed a stronger belief that speaking up leads to meaningful changes (mean rank = 46.24 vs. 35.36, p = 0.033) and reported observing others addressing these issues more frequently (mean rank = 46.98 vs. 34.56, p = 0.015). Trainees from different hospitals exhibited significantly varied perceptions regarding support from colleagues in addressing patient safety and unprofessional behavior (mean rank = KAMC 54.53 vs. KSMC 33.04, p < 0.0001), the perceived impact of raising concerns (mean rank = KAMC 50.50 vs. KSMC 35.41, p = 0.004), and the frequency of observing these concerns being addressed (mean rank = KAMC 55.28 vs. KSMC 32.60, p < 0.0001). Radiology trainees are particularly vigilant about unintentional breaches of sterile technique, often addressing these issues with nurses (66.7%). CONCLUSION: The clinical environment supports safety concerns but less so for unprofessional behavior, with residents being more proactive. Promoting open communication in radiology requires leadership education, multifaceted strategies, alternative channels for concerns, and future research to assess and track cultural attitudes. The findings highlight the need to cultivate a supportive culture for speaking up in clinical settings, particularly in radiology, where trainee involvement can enhance patient safety and professional conduct. The present study lays the groundwork for future research and interventions to strengthen safety and professionalism among medical trainees in Saudi Arabia.