Biogenic synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using Crossandra infundibuliformis leaves and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic analysis and wound healing activity on HaCaT cells.

The objective of this study is to assess functional groups and phytochemical components of Crossandra infundibuliformis leaf extract, characterisation of green synthesised copper nanoparticles and evaluation of their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Toxicity tests and Wound scratch analysis. The synthesised copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM- EDX, TEM, XRD, and zeta potential measurements that help in analysing the structural morphology, size, and functional groups. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against the bacteria and fungi strains and showed a notable stability and capability of inhibiting the growth. Also, evaluated the antioxidant activity using DPPH and H(2)O(2) assays and showed strong free radial scavenging activity in the sample compared to the standard. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity activity of the samples against HaCaT keratinocyte cells demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity, and the wound scratch assay indicates an increased closure at higher concentrations, indicating the potential of CuNPs to accelerate cellular migration and wound repair. This study highlights the plant-mediated method of synthesising Cu NPs, exhibit promising biological activity, suggesting potential biomedical applications in wound healing and tissue engineering. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04360-z.