Simultaneous response to multiple disasters: Integrated planning for pandemics and large-scale earthquakes.

Since the beginning of COVID-19, individuals who have SARS-CoV-2 infectious have brought a heavy burden on the healthcare system. Unavoidably, along with pandemics, large-scale disasters, which are possibly emerging, may double the current health crisis. For a powerful disaster response plan, the health services should be prepared for the overwhelming number of disaster victims and infected individuals The proposed framework determines the appropriate number and location of temporary healthcare facilities for large-scale disasters while considering the burden of ongoing pandemic diseases. In this study, first, a multi-period, mix-integer mathematical model is developed to find the location and number of disaster emergency units and disaster medical facilities. Second, we develop an epidemic compartmental model to stimulate the negative effects of the disaster on disease spread and a mixed-integer mathematical model to find optimal number and the location of pandemic hospitals and isolation centers. To validate the mathematical models, a case study is conducted for a district of Istanbul, Turkey.