Dynamic movement patterns of commensal rodents Mastomys natalensis and Rattus rattus: determining differential habitat use using Rhodamine B.

BACKGROUND: Understanding movement patterns of rodent pests is essential for planning management strategies. Currently, for many rural village contexts, there is limited information on how rodents move between domestic and peridomestic areas, and the surrounding habitats. We investigated movement of the multimammate rat, Mastomys natalensis and the black rat, Rattus rattus in nine villages in Kilombero District, Tanzania. We used Rhodamine B (RhB) baits placed inside houses (R. rattus preferred habitat) in five villages and placed outside (M. natalensis preferred habitat) in four villages. RESULTS: Whilst both species were rarely captured in their nonpreferred habitat (5% M. natalensis inside houses; 23% R. rattus outside houses), evidence of RhB consumption when bait was in nonpreferred habitat was high for both species (50% M. natalensis; 57% R. rattus), indicating frequent movement to nonpreferred habitats. Whilst R. rattus movement distances were consistent with previous studies (maximum 81 m), within our village context, M. natalensis moved further (maximum 132 m) compared to previous published studies. Although bait consumption rates varied seasonally, we found no evidence that utilization of nonpreferred habitat varied seasonally. M. natalensis females moved into houses more frequently than males, whilst immature R. rattus moved outside houses more than mature individuals. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the dynamic movement patterns of commensal rodents with implications for control and disease transmission. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.