Identification of umami peptides and mechanism of the interaction with umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 in pigeon meat.

OBJECTIVE: Pigeon meat offer an ideal source for extracting fresh flavor peptides. These peptides not only enhance the taste of food but also have potential health benefits, including providing low-sugar, low-sodium, and low-calorie options for individuals with conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Therefore, further research into the pigeon industry holds promise for addressing both economic and nutritional needs. METHODS: To explore umami peptides and their molecular binding mechanisms with umami receptor type 1 member 1 in pigeon meat, an enzymatic hydrolysate product is isolated, analyzed, and subjected to sensory evaluation. Fifteen peptides with high freshness characteristics are separated and identified by ultrafiltration, gel separation, reverse performance liquid chromatography, and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: The molecular docking results show that the amino acid residue Glu128 is a common ligand binding site for all of the fresh-flavored peptides to taste T1R1/T1R3 receptors and it exerts freshness-presenting effects with 15 fresh-flavored peptides through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSION: This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the subsequent development of flavor peptide products in pigeon meat.