Comprehensive Evaluation of 1H-Isoindole-1,3(2H)-Dione Derivatives: Pharmacokinetic Studies and Analgesic Potential in Various Pain Models.

The study investigated the antinociceptive effects of four compounds (F1-F4) based on a 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione core, using various in vivo pain models-tonic (formalin test), neurogenic (capsaicin and glutamate tests), neuropathic (oxaliplatin-induced model of peripheral neuropathy as well as the streptozotocin-induced model of painful diabetic neuropathy), and inflammatory (carrageenan-induced). Pharmacokinetic parameters were also assessed. In the capsaicin test, F1, F2, and F4 (5-20 mg/kg) significantly reduced pain, while compound F3 was only active at 20 mg/kg. In the glutamate test, F1, F2, and F3 (5-20 mg/kg) demonstrated the most pronounced effect. In phase I of the formalin test, compounds F1 and F2 were active at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, while F3 and F4 exhibited activity only at the 20 mg/kg dose. In phase II, a dose-dependent reduction in pain was observed, with the weakest effect noted at F4. At a dose of 20 mg/kg, the compounds significantly reduced edema and carrageenan-induced pain, but to a lesser extent than ketoprofen. The compounds tested (10 mg/kg) showed significant anti-allodynic activity in the oxaliplatin- and streptozotocin-induced neuropathy pain models. All compounds demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic results. The results of this study indicate that the compounds have a broad analgesic spectrum of activity.