Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis and Cutting Force Model for the Cutting of Circular Steel Bars Using Negative Rake Angle Cutters: Accounting for Chip Accumulation Effects.

The cutting force exerted on steel bars plays a crucial role in determining tunneling parameters for shield tunneling, especially when cutters are used to cut through existing pile foundations. This research focuses on the cutting force during the initial phase of the cutting process. Using 2D finite element analysis, this study examines the early stage of orthogonal cutting with negative rake angle cutters, exploring the formation of a slip plane mode. By combining slip line theory with the shear band model, a computational model is developed to calculate the cutting force for negative rake angle cutters when cutting a circular steel bar cross-section at various depths. In addition, with the incorporation of the Johnson-Cook model, this study models cutting forces under various conditions, taking into account factors such as material strength, strain rate sensitivity, and temperature effects. The steels studied include AISI 1040, AISI 4340, and AISI 304, which are commonly used in construction, with attention given to how their mechanical properties, such as strength and hardness, affect the cutting forces. While this study acknowledges the steels' manufacturing conditions, the primary focus remains on the cutting process and its impact on force predictions. The model's calculated horizontal cutting force is compared to numerical simulations, showing a maximum absolute error of 33.85% and an average error of 14.23%. The vertical cutting force calculations are less accurate, with a maximum error of 64.2% and an average error of 14.06%. The analysis further reveals that chip accumulation significantly impacts the horizontal cutting force, while the variation in average stress along the slip line has a smaller effect. This study also examines how factors like material properties, initial temperature, low friction coefficients, and steel bar radius contribute to the model's accuracy and reliability.