Iron dysregulation in mice engineered with a mutation associated with stuttering.

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by involuntary disruptions in the normal fluency and timing of speech. Recently, stuttering has been related to specific point mutations in GNPTAB, a gene involved in lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathways, though it remains unclear how such a mutation might cause the stuttering phenotype. Herein, we studied mice engineered with the mutation in the Gnptab gene found in humans who stutter and found increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia of these mice. Further, we found these iron deposits localized predominantly with regional astrocytes when Perls' stain was combined with an astrocyte-specific marker. Reducing iron deposition in the brain with iron chelation therapy improved vocalization symptoms in Gnptab-mutant mice. Our data suggest a relationship between the Gnptab mutation, iron homeostasis in astrocytes, and the stuttering phenotype, for which the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated.