De novo Transcriptomic analysis to unveil the deltamethrin induced resistance mechanisms in Callosobruchus chinensis (L.).

The use of synthetic insecticides has been crucial in the management of insect pests however the extensive use of insecticides can result in the development of resistance. Callosobruchus chinensis is a highly destructive pest of stored grains, it's a major feeder and infests a range of stored grains that are vital to both global food security and human nutrition. We extensively investigated gene expression changes of adults in response to deltamethrin to decipher the mechanism behind the insecticide resistance. The analysis of gene expression revealed 25,343 unigenes with a mean length of 1,435 bp. All the expressed genes were identified, and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. Exposure to deltamethrin (4.6 ppm) causes 320 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 280 down-regulated and 50 up-regulated. The transcriptome analysis revealed that DEGs were found to be enriched in pathways related to xenobiotics metabolism, signal transduction, cellular processes, organismal systems and information processing. The quantitative real-time PCR was used to validate the DEGs encoding metabolic detoxification. To the best of our knowledge, these results offer the first toxicity mechanisms enabling a more comprehensive comprehension of the action and detoxification of deltamethrin in C. chinensis.