A novel predict-then-optimize method for sustainable bike-sharing management: a data-driven study in China.

Sustainable operations management will appeal to the post-pandemic world. As the economy recovers, the surging demand for low-carbon bike-sharing has led to exacerbated mismatch in urban transportation. It is a serious challenge to optimize the reallocation schedule of sharing bikes among multiple positions in a network. To address the problem, we develop a novel predict-then-optimize method consisting of a data-driven robust optimization model and a branch-and-price algorithm. The optimization model derives the predicted demand surplus of each position based on historical data, enabling the optimal reallocation schedule in the network at minimum operational costs. Based on the prediction, the branch-and-price algorithm can find out the best routes of assigning bikes to specific positions that further improves transportation efficiency. Finally, we deploy the predict-then-optimize method to a realistic bike-sharing network in one major city of China. The computational results demonstrate that our method can significantly save the cost of operations and reduce the waste of resources. Therefore, the novel predict-then-optimize method has a great potential to facilitate the sustainable development of bike-sharing systems in urban transportation.