In vivo labeling of fission yeast DNA with thymidine and thymidine analogs.

In vivo labeling of DNA with thymidine and thymidine analogs has long been a cornerstone of replication studies. Unfortunately, yeast lack a thymidine salvage pathway and thus do not incorporate exogenous thymidine. Specifically, yeast neither efficiently take up exogenous thymidine from their growth media nor phosphorylate it to thymidylate, the precursor of dTTP. We have overcome these problems in fission yeast by expressing the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) along with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk). hENT1 tk cells are healthy and efficiently incorporate exogenous thymidine and thymidine analogs. We present protocols for labeling DNA with tritiated thymidine, for in situ detection of incorporated BrdU by immunofluorescence, for double labeling with CldU and IdU, for CsCl gradient separation of IdU-labeled DNA, and for using hENT1 and tk as both positive and negative selection markers.