Activity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Ack1 is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of its Mig6 homology region

Ack1 is a proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinase with homology to the tumour suppressor Mig6, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The residues critical for binding of Mig6 to EGFR are conserved within the Mig6 homology region (MHR) of Ack1. We tested whether intramolecular interactions between the Ack1 MHR and kinase domain (KD) are regulated by phosphorylation. We identified two Src phosphorylation sites within the MHR (Y859, Y860). Addition of Src-phosphorylated MHR to the Ack1 KD enhanced enzymatic activity. Co-expression of Src in cells led to increased Ack1 activity; mutation of Y859/Y860 blocked this increase. Collectively, the data suggest that phosphorylation of the Ack1 MHR regulates its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of Y859/Y860 occurs in cancers of the brain, breast, colon, and prostate, where genomic amplification or somatic mutations of Ack1 play a role in disease progression. Our findings suggest that MHR phosphorylation could contribute to Ack1 dysregulation in tumours. Keywords: Ack1; activated Cdc42-associated kinase; phosphorylation; protein tyrosine kinase.