Scalable Parallel Manipulation of Single Cells Using Micronozzle Array Integrated with Bidirectional Electrokinetic Pumps.

High throughput reconstruction of in vivo cellular environments allows for efficient investigation of cellular functions. If one-side-open multi-channel microdevices are integrated with micropumps, the devices will achieve higher throughput in the manipulation of single cells while maintaining flexibility and open accessibility. This paper reports on the integration of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micronozzle array and bidirectional electrokinetic pumps driven by DC-biased AC voltages. Pt/Ti and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were used to study the effect of DC bias and peak-to-peak voltage and electrodes in a low conductivity isotonic solution. The flow was bidirectionally controlled by changing the DC bias. A pump integrated with a micronozzle array was used to transport single HeLa cells into nozzle holes. The application of DC-biased AC voltage (100 kHz, 10 V(pp), and V(DC): -4 V) provided a sufficient electroosmotic flow outside the nozzle array. This integration method of nozzle and pumps is anticipated to be a standard integration method. The operating conditions of DC-biased AC electrokinetic pumps in a biological buffer was clarified and found useful for cell manipulation.