Redox-active electrolyte-based printed ionologic devices.

Ionic devices, such as electrochemical capacitor diodes (CAPodes) and gate-controlled CAPodes with transistor-like gating characteristics (G-CAPodes), offer a novel approach to energy-efficient and nature-inspired logic computing. Their miniaturization and integration render them ideal for ion-transistor circuits, enabling the regulation and signaling of ions and biomolecules. Here, we report an asymmetric system to achieve a potential-driven ion pump for CAPode based on a redox-active Keggin-type electrolyte. This unidirectional capacity is achieved through asymmetric polarization between a plane metal and a porous carbon electrode, enabling selective redox reactions on the metal surface. The nanoporous carbon effectively balances the charge on the redox electrode, while redox couples control the working voltage range. Printed ionologic devices are demonstrated for logic gates, and an integrated NAND (NOT-AND) circuit was constructed using two CAPodes and one G-CAPode. This work proposes a concept for switchable iontronic devices, providing a deeper understanding and applicability of these devices.