The Effects of Lipid Extracts from Microalgae Chlorococcum amblystomatis and Nannochloropsis oceanica on the Proteome of 3D-Cultured Fibroblasts Exposed to UVA Radiation.

Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis exhibit significant potential for protecting skin cells from oxidative stress-induced metabolic dysfunctions, owing to their high bioactive lipid content. This study aimed to evaluate their cytoprotective effects on the ultraviolet A (UVA)-perturbed proteome of 3D-cultured skin fibroblasts, using high-throughput proteomics. Chlorococcum amblystomatis lipid extract promoted a reduction in UVA-induced cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 and cell death protein 6 levels, alongside the restoration of ferritin light chain expression diminished by UVA. It downregulated the expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 and lactoylglutathione lyase, which were upregulated by UVA. Furthermore, the elevated superoxide dismutase [Mn] mitochondrial levels in the caspase-1 interactome emphasized the lipid extract's role in mitigating oxidative stress-associated chronic inflammation by regulating caspase-1 activity. In addition to this notable redox balance-regulating and cytoprotective activity, conversely, the protein inflammation signaling mediated by UVA was regulated in terms of wound healing potential in the case of Nannochloropsis oceanica lipid extract. Following UVA radiation, it promoted the upregulation of complement component B, thrombospondin-1, MMP1, and fibulin-1. The results revealed that both lipid extracts effectively reversed the UVA-perturbed proteomic profile of fibroblasts, highlighting their therapeutic potential in protecting the skin from UV radiation.