Environmental Cues Facilitate Maturation and Patterning of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allow for reprogramming of adult somatic cells into stem cells from which patient- and disease-specific cardiomyocytes (CMs) can be derived. Yet, the potential of iPSC technology to revolutionize cardiovascular research is limited, in part, by the embryonic nature of these cells. Here, we test the hypothesis that decellularized porcine left ventricular extracellular cardiac matrix (ECM) provides environmental cues that promote transcriptional maturation and patterning of iPSC-CMs in culture. METHODS: Cardiac progenitor cells were plated on ECM or standard tissue plates (2D monolayer) for 30 days, after which CM orientation and single cell transcriptomics were evaluated using confocal imaging and singe cell RNA-sequencing, respectively. RESULTS: Cardiac progenitors differentiated on left ventricular ECM formed longitudinal fibers that differed quantitatively from progenitors differentiated in standard 2D conditions. Unsupervised clustering of single cell transcriptomics identified a CM cluster expressing a higher level of genes related to CM maturation. CMs differentiated on ECM were overrepresented in this cluster, indicating a bias toward CM maturation, compared to cells differentiated in standard 2D monolayer conditions. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that environmental cues related to the left ventricular ECM may promote differentiation to a more mature CM state compared to cells differentiated on a standard 2D monolayer, while facilitating organization into longitudinal micro-fibers. Our study highlights the utility of ECM as a differentiation substrate to promote CM maturation and fiber orientation in vitro .