Abstract
The aim was to compare the blastocyst stages of red deer embryos in respect of in vitro fertilization (IVF) efficiency, morphology, apoptotic and proliferative abilities, and antioxidative potential according to the reproductive status of hinds. We used three experimental groups, including the ovaries collected post mortem on the 4th and 13th days of the estrous cycle and during pregnancy (n = 18). After oocyte maturation, frozen-thawed epididymal semen was used for IVF. Blastocyst quality, apoptotic potential by determining the mRNA expression of BAX, BCL-2, OCT4, SOX2, and placenta-specific 8 gene (PLAC8), and antioxidative potential of blastocysts were evaluated by determining the mRNA expression of CuSOD, MnSOD, and GPX as well as the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. The highest development rate of expanded blastocyst, mRNA expression of BCL-2, OCT4, SOX2, and PLAC8 and mRNA expression and enzymatic activity of the antioxidative factors increased (p < 0.05) in blastocysts developed from the oocytes collected on the 4th day, compared to those developed from the oocytes collected on the 13th day of the cycle and during pregnancy. Our study indicates that the 4th day of the estrous cycle is the most effective period for oocyte collection for IVF and embryo development in hinds, considering quality parameters and antioxidative potential of the blastocysts.