Modulation of the Liver Protein Carbonylome by the Combined Effect of Marine Omega-3 PUFAs and Grape Polyphenols Supplementation in Rats Fed an Obesogenic High Fat and High Sucrose Diet.

Diet-induced obesity has been linked to metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases andtype 2 diabetes. A factor linking diet to metabolic disorders is oxidative stress, which can damagebiomolecules, especially proteins. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of marineomega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)) and their combination with grape seed polyphenols (GSE) on carbonyl-modified proteins fromplasma and liver in Wistar Kyoto rats fed an obesogenic diet, namely high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS)diet. A proteomics approach consisting of fluorescein 5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC) labelling of proteincarbonyls, visualization of FTSC-labelled protein on 1-DE or 2-DE gels, and protein identification byMS/MS was used for the protein oxidation assessment. Results showed the efficiency of the combinationof both bioactive compounds in decreasing the total protein carbonylation induced by HFHS diet in bothplasma and liver. The analysis of carbonylated protein targets, also referred to as the 'carbonylome',revealed an individual response of liver proteins to supplements and a modulatory effect on specificmetabolic pathways and processes due to, at least in part, the control exerted by the supplements on theliver protein carbonylome. This investigation highlights the additive effect of dietary fish oils and grapeseed polyphenols in modulating in vivo oxidative damage of proteins induced by the consumption ofHFHS diets.