Integrated single-cell sequencing for the development of a GJA4-based precision immuno-prognostic model in melanoma.

METHODS: We conducted an analysis of RNA-seq and microarray data obtained from the TCGA and GEO databases, alongside single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from glioma patients within the GEO repository. This comprehensive investigation, augmented by experimental studies, concentrated on exploring the interactions between tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) and tumors, as well as elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved. RESULTS: Single-cell sequencing analysis identified differentially expressed genes within tumor-associated endothelial cells. Further investigation highlighted GJA4 as a pivotal marker gene for a terminal subpopulation, with its expression linked to poor prognosis. Subsequent experiments were conducted to explore its underlying functional mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: GJA4 is highly expressed in melanoma patients, and its differential expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells influences melanoma proliferation and migration. GJA4-based risk models hold potential as predictive and therapeutic targets for personalized melanoma treatment.