Anoxia/reoxygenation enhances spontaneous contractile activity via TRPA1 channel and COX2 activation in isolated rat whole bladder

The study findings reveal that the spontaneous contractile activity of the bladder is significantly enhanced in response to anoxia/reoxygenation, and that oxidative stress and activation of TRPA1 and COX2 (the resulting production of prostaglandins) are involved in the enhanced SBC activity.

SBC was measured using isolated whole bladder preparations from rats. The preparations were exposed to anoxia (95% N2 ) for 0.5-6 h, followed by reoxygenation (95% O2 ) in Krebs medium.

Bladder ischemia/reperfusion is an important etiologic factor for overactive bladder disease. The occurrence of this disease is closely associated with enhanced spontaneous contractile activity of the bladder. However, the relationship between bladder ischemia/reperfusion and altered spontaneous bladder contractions (SBC) remains poorly studied. Therefore, the present study investigated whether ischemia/reperfusion affects SBC ex vivo.

Anoxia followed by reoxygenation significantly enhanced the amplitude of SBC without affecting its frequency in an anoxic duration-dependent manner. The 5 h anoxia/reoxygenation-induced enhancement of SBC amplitude was completely suppressed by an antioxidant combination of L(+)-ascorbate/D, L-α-tocopherol, or N-acetyl cysteine. Additionally, the enhanced SBC amplitude was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the nonselective TRP antagonist ruthenium red, or selective TRPA1 antagonists HC-030031 or AP-18. A similar inhibitory effect was obtained after repeated treatment with the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate, as it induced acute desensitization of TRPA1 channels. Further, the enhanced SBC amplitude was significantly diminished by the nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin or selective COX2 inhibitor NS-398, but not by the selective COX1 inhibitor SC-560 and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-886. Conclusions: The study findings reveal that the spontaneous contractile activity of the bladder is significantly enhanced in response to anoxia/reoxygenation, and that oxidative stress and activation of TRPA1 and COX2 (the resulting production of prostaglandins) are involved in the enhanced SBC activity.